Market-Rate Returns on Affordable Housing

15-18% IRRs with below-market rents through capital structure and tax efficiency.

60/30/10 capital stack creates 9:1 equity leverage. Access to mission-aligned subordinated debt unavailable to market-rate operators.

How we create value

Three advantages unavailable to traditional multifamily operators

We combine private capital investment with affordable housing strategies and operational discipline. This creates market-rate returns while maintaining below-market rents.

Affordable Housing Financing

Mission alignment provides access to subordinated debt at 200-400 bps below market rates, creating 9:1 equity leverage.

Tax Efficiency

Small equity base (10%) captures 100% of depreciation benefits. OZ structures deliver 25-30% after-tax IRRs.

Operational Integration

Vertical integration across development, construction, and management delivers 200-400 bps in cost savings.

The capital structure

60/30/10 stack enables 9:1 equity leverage

Traditional Multifamily

65% Senior Debt
35% Equity
Equity Leverage: 1.86:1
Depreciation Benefit: Spread across 35%
Year 1 Tax Shelter: 21% of equity

Great Expectations Approach

60% Senior Debt
30% Subordinated Debt
10% Equity
Equity Leverage: 9:1
Depreciation Benefit: 100% to equity
Year 1 Tax Shelter: 74% of equity

Example: $10M Property with Cost Segregation

Traditional Structure (65/35)

Senior Debt: $6.5M @ 6.5%
Equity: $3.5M
Depreciable Basis: $8M (80% of property)
Year 1 Depreciation (25% accelerated): $2M
Tax Savings @ 37% bracket: $740K
Year 1 Tax Shelter (% of equity): 21%

Great Expectations (60/30/10)

Senior Debt: $6M @ 6.5%
Sub Debt: $3M @ 3% (deferred)
Equity: $1M
Depreciable Basis: $8M (80% of property)
Year 1 Depreciation (25% accelerated): $2M
Tax Savings @ 37% bracket: $740K
Year 1 Tax Shelter (% of equity): 74%

The 3.5x Advantage: Identical $2M Year 1 depreciation, but with $1M equity instead of $3.5M, the tax benefit is 74% of equity versus 21%—a 3.5x multiplier. Cost segregation accelerates 15-25% of basis into Year 1, creating massive immediate tax shelter that flows entirely to the small equity base.

Pillar 1: Affordable housing financing

Mission alignment unlocks capital unavailable to market-rate operators

Subordinated debt is patient capital from mission-aligned sources that sits behind senior debt but ahead of equity in the capital stack, typically comprising 25-30% of total capitalization. It carries interest rates of 2-4% (versus 6-8% for senior debt), often with deferred or forgivable payment structures tied to affordability covenants.

Sources

Public sector: Washington State Housing Finance Commission (WSHFC), city and county housing departments, housing authorities with project-based voucher programs.
Private mission-aligned: Amazon Housing Equity Fund, foundations, CDFIs, and other impact investors focused on housing equity.

Why it de-risks high leverage

While 9:1 leverage sounds aggressive, subordinated debt fundamentally reduces risk. Payment structures are deferrable during cash flow stress, eliminating forced sale risk. Lenders share our affordability mission and optimize for housing outcomes rather than maximum returns. Long-term commitments (30-99 years) mean patient capital partners, not exit-focused investors. Some structures include performance-based forgiveness tied to maintaining affordability.

Our Social Purpose Corporation status and track record provide access to subordinated capital at 200-400 basis points below market rates—financing unavailable to market-rate operators.

Who this is for

We partner with investors seeking institutional discipline and measurable social impact.

Accredited individual investors
Family offices
Mission-aligned foundations and institutions
Strategic housing capital partners

Investment opportunities

Three pathways to participate

Preservation Funds

Acquiring and stabilizing workforce housing with operational upside.

Target Returns 10-13% IRR
Minimum $100,000
Structure LP interest in commingled fund
Capital Stack 60% senior / 30% sub debt / 10% equity
Hold Period 5-7 years
Distributions Quarterly after stabilization

Development (OZ)

Ground-up or adaptive reuse in Opportunity Zones.

Target Returns 15-18% pre-tax, 25-30% after-tax
Minimum $250,000
Structure Project-specific LLC
Capital Stack 60-65% senior / 25-30% sub debt / 10-15% equity
Hold Period 10 years
Distributions After stabilization or refinancing

Institutional

Custom portfolio or single-asset allocations.

Target Returns Negotiable
Minimum $5,000,000
Structure Customizable
Capital Stack Flexible
Hold Period Customizable
Distributions Negotiable

Target returns are goals, not guarantees. Actual structures vary by deal.

Pillar 2: Tax efficiency

Small equity base captures 100% of depreciation benefits

In our 60/30/10 structure, the 10% equity captures 100% of depreciation benefits. On a $10M property with $8M depreciable basis, Year 1 cost segregation creates $2M in depreciation—generating $740K in tax savings (at 37% rate) on just $1M of equity. This is a 74% Year 1 tax shelter, versus 21% in a traditional 65/35 structure.

When combined with Opportunity Zone structures, this creates compounding benefits that turn pre-tax IRRs of 15-18% into after-tax returns of 25-30% for qualified investors.

1. High Leverage

60/30/10 capital stack creates 9:1 equity leverage on development projects

2. Accelerated Depreciation

Cost segregation: 25% of basis in Year 1 creates 74% tax shelter on equity investment

3. Basis Reset at Year 10

Depreciation recapture forgiven—basis resets to FMV without tax liability

4. Tax-Free Appreciation

All appreciation after Year 10 permanently tax-exempt for qualified investors

Example: $10M Development Project, 10-Year OZ Hold

Capital Structure

Total Cost: $10M
Depreciable Basis: $8M (80%)
Senior Debt: $6.5M @ 6.5%
Sub Debt: $2.5M @ 3% (deferred)
Equity: $1M (9:1 leverage)

Depreciation (Cost Segregation)

Year 1 (25% accelerated): $2M
Tax savings @ 37%: $740K (74% of equity)
Years 2-10: ~$220K/year
Cumulative tax savings: $730K
Total during hold: $1.47M

At Sale (Year 10) — Property Appreciates to $15M

WITHOUT Opportunity Zone

Adjusted Basis: $6M
Recapture Tax (25%): $1M
Capital Gains Tax (20%): $1M
Total Tax at Sale: $2M

WITH Opportunity Zone

Basis Reset to FMV: $15M
Recapture Tax: $0 (forgiven)
Capital Gains Tax: $0 (tax-free)
Total Tax at Sale: $0

Tax Savings During Hold

$1.47M

147% of equity

Tax Saved at Sale

$2M

200% of equity

Total Tax Benefit

$3.47M

347% of equity

A $1M equity investment generates $3.47M in cumulative tax benefits over 10 years. Combined with 9:1 leverage and property appreciation, this structure delivers 25-30% after-tax IRRs while maintaining affordable rents.

Pillar 3: Operational integration

Vertical integration delivers cost savings and execution control

Our platform integrates investment, development, construction, and property management. This delivers 200-400 basis points in cost savings versus outsourced models while enabling rapid turnarounds impossible with third-party operators.

In-house construction

Direct cost control and real-time visibility. Track record includes Cornus House ($2M under budget, ahead of schedule) and multiple on-time rehabilitations.

200 bps cost advantage

Arboreal property management

Specialized affordable housing compliance (LIHTC, Section 8), rapid response maintenance, and proprietary technology platform managing 1,250+ units.

Enables rapid stabilization

Execution track record

Rose City Flats: 60% → 95% occupancy in 12 months. Cornus House: only successful Tacoma lease-up in 2024-2025. Betula: 100% occupancy in 4 months.

Demonstrates capability

Deal flow advantage

Property management operations provide competitive intelligence and off-market opportunities. Mission-aligned reputation attracts distressed sellers seeking responsible buyers.

Access unavailable deals

The investment thesis

Why affordable housing in the Pacific Northwest now.

Severe housing shortage

250,000 units

Pacific Northwest needs 250,000 new affordable units by 2030 to meet demand (Puget Sound Regional Council)

Job growth outpacing supply

3:1 ratio

Employment growth exceeding housing production 3:1 in Seattle-Tacoma metro, creating sustained upward pressure on rents

Regulatory tailwinds

Multiple programs

Opportunity Zones, recycled PABs, expanded LIHTC, and mission-aligned capital (Amazon HEF, etc.) create favorable financing environment

Underserved market segment

60-80% AMI

Naturally occurring affordable housing (60-80% AMI) receives minimal institutional capital despite strong fundamentals and mission alignment

Tax advantages and structuring

How tax-efficient structures enhance after-tax returns.

Real estate is one of the most tax-advantaged asset classes. Our expertise in Opportunity Zones, depreciation strategies, and tax-exempt financing can significantly enhance your after-tax returns.

Opportunity Zones

Key Benefits

  • Deferral of capital gains invested into OZ fund until 2026 or sale of OZ investment
  • 10% step-up in basis on original gain if OZ investment held 5+ years
  • Complete tax exemption on appreciation of OZ investment after 10-year hold
  • Effective tax rate can approach 0% on 10-year OZ investments versus 20-23.8% for traditional real estate

Example

Example: $1M capital gain invested in OZ fund. After 10-year hold, investor pays tax only on original $1M gain (deferred to 2026), while all appreciation on the OZ investment is tax-free. If OZ investment doubles to $2M, the additional $1M is permanently tax-exempt.

Depreciation & Cost Segregation

Key Benefits

  • Real estate depreciation shelters cash distributions from current taxation
  • Residential properties depreciate over 27.5 years (3.636% annually)
  • Cost segregation studies can accelerate 20-40% of basis to 5-15 year schedules
  • Bonus depreciation may be available on certain improvements and personal property

Example

Example: $10M property with $8M depreciable basis generates $290K/year in depreciation deductions. With cost segregation, first-year deductions could exceed $1M. This can shelter quarterly distributions from taxation, deferring investor tax liability.

Tax-Exempt Financing

Key Benefits

  • Recycled Private Activity Bonds (PABs) provide tax-exempt interest rates to investors
  • LIHTC properties may offer federal and state tax credits depending on deal structure
  • Below-market interest rates (often 100-200 bps below taxable debt) enhance cash flow
  • Mission-aligned financing from agencies unavailable to market-rate operators

Example

Example: Crossroads Garden utilized Washington State's first recycled PAB financing, securing tax-exempt permanent debt at rates 150+ bps below conventional financing. This rate advantage flows directly to investor returns through higher cash distributions.

1031 Exchanges (Exit Strategy)

Key Benefits

  • Investors may utilize 1031 exchanges on fund dispositions to defer capital gains
  • Allows tax-free rotation from one real estate investment to another
  • Can be combined with OZ investments for optimal tax planning
  • Preserves capital for redeployment rather than paying taxes at exit

Example

Example: Upon fund liquidation, investor can 1031 exchange into another qualified property, deferring all capital gains tax. This strategy allows wealth compounding across multiple real estate cycles without tax friction.

Important Tax Disclaimer

The information above is for educational purposes only and does not constitute tax advice. Tax benefits depend on your individual circumstances, including income level, state of residence, and overall tax situation. Consult with your tax advisor to understand how these structures apply to your specific situation. Tax laws are subject to change.

Current and upcoming opportunities

A public snapshot of opportunities currently in our pipeline. Detailed terms are shared with qualified investors.

Pre-Development

Ground Up Pierce County Family Housing

A new-build family housing community designed to deliver long-term affordability in one of Pierce County's highest-demand submarkets.

100-125 units | Development | South Hill, WA

Under Contract

Preservation of Seattle Section 8 Housing

Preservation strategy focused on stabilizing existing Section 8 homes while improving property operations and resident quality of life.

100-125 units | Preservation | Seattle, WA

Coming Summer 2026

Great Expectations Preservation Fund IV

Our next preservation vehicle is being structured to acquire and protect mission-aligned affordable housing across the Pacific Northwest.

Fund launch target | Summer 2026

Important disclosures

  • The information on this page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy securities.
  • Any investment opportunities are available only to qualified investors and are subject to applicable securities laws.
  • Past performance is not indicative of future results. Any forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties.

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